Chapter 1

Session 1.1

In a hypertext document you get quicker and simpler access to diverse pieces of information than traditional methods could. You can progress through the content in whatever order best suits you and our objectives.
Hypertext uses hyperlinks, which are elements that allow you to jump between sections or to other documents.

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is a markup language used to create web pages. It describes a document’s structure and content.
HTML is not a programming or formatting language, and it is not compiled

How do HTML documents differ from documents created with a word processor such as Word or WordPerfect?

HTML documents do not specify the appearance of a document, they describe the purpose of different elements in he document and leave it to the web browser to determine the final appearance.
A word processor specifies exactly the appearance of each document element.
HTML documents are marked up. They look differently depending on which browser type or version they are displayed.
HTML does not necessarily tell you how a browser will display a document.

A deprecated or phased out feature is an older feature of HTML. They may not be supported by current or future browsers, but they may be necessary to support older browsers.

What are HTML extensions? What are some advantages and disadvantages of using extensions?

HTML extensions are changes to the standard HTML language
They provide web page authors with more options, but are browser specific. The dependency on the browser forced web page authors to write workarounds for browsers that couldn’t handle the extensions, complicating the code.

HTML documents can be created in a simple text editor, like Windows Notepad.
HTML converter converts formatted text, for example from a word processor into HTML code.
HTML editors help with the creation of HTML pages by inserting code “on the fly”.

The “head” section which contains information about the document or instructions to the browser and the “body” section which contains the actual content displayed in the browser window.

Empty elements are elements that employ one-sided tags. They have no content, for example the line break or the horizontal rule

What is the syntax for creating a centered heading 1 of the text “Chemistry Classes”?

A block-level element contains content displayed in a separate section within the page, setting it off from other blocks, eg. paragraphs and headings
An inline element is part of the same block as its surrounding content, for example individual words or phrases within a paragraph. Inline elements do not support alignment attributes.

If you want to create an extra blank line between paragraphs, why can’t you simple add a blank line in the HTML file?

HTML treats each occurrence of white space, for example spaces, tabs and line breaks, as a single blank space. HTML makes no difference between the different types of white spaces.
Use white spaces to make the HTML code more readable.

Presentational attributes define how the browser should render an element
Almost all presentational attributes have been deprecated in favor of styles.
HTML should inform the browser about the content of the document, while styles inform the browser how the content is rendered.
Use presentational attributes to support older browsers.

What attribute would you add to the "ordered list" tag to display uppercase Roman numerals?

Other style-types: disc, circle, square, decimal, decimal-leading-zero, lower-roman, upper-roman, lower-alpha, upper-alpha, none

What attribute would you add to the "unordered list" tag to display the ball.gif image mark on the inside of the item block?

What is the difference between a logical element and a physical element? Which would probably be more appropriate for a non-visual browser, such as a Braille browser?

A logical element describes the purpose of an element, the nature of the content.
A physical element describes the visual aspect of the element, how content appears on the page. They should only be used for general purpose.
Logical elements are better suited for a non-visual browser, because they advise the browser about the type of content and not just the look.

An inline image displays a graphic image located in a separate file within the contents of a block-level element.
Inline images are usually GIF or JPG

Why is it important to always include the alt attribute when inserting an inline image?

The alt attribute is important for non-graphical browsers. The alt attribute is required with XHTML.

What code would you enter to display the inline image, logo.jpg, into your web page? Assume that the alternate text for this image is "Chemistry Web Page".

What code would you enter to insert a blue horizontal line that is 200 pixels wide?

What tag would you add to your document to insert the meta information that the page author's name is "Diane Chou"?

Applied HTML knowledge: Anchors, Nested Lists